In the last
example there is the else statement. The code
after it (whether a single line or code between brackets) is executed if the
IF statement is FALSE.
One use for else is if there are two conditional statements that will both
evaluate to true with the same value(but only at times. For example, x<30
and x<50 will both return true if x is less than 30 but not otherwise),
but you wish only one of them to be checked. You can use else after the if
statement. If the if statement was true the else statement will not be
checked. It is possible to use numerous else statements followed by if
statements.